Scientific or common name:

Frasera caroliniensis Walter

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GENTIANACEAE - Gentian family (Angiosperms - Flowering plants)

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Taxon Page:

Name: Frasera caroliniensis Walter
Nomencl. ref.: Fl. Carol. [Walter] 88. 1788 [Apr-Jun 1788]
Rank: species

Images of Frasera caroliniensis

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Common names

U.S. name: American columbo
English name: American columbo

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Grown habit: Forb/herb
Duration: Perennial
 

Synonyms:
= Frasera officinalis W. Bartram
= Frasera verticillata Raf.
= Frasera walteri Michx.
= Swertia caroliniensis (Walter) Kuntze

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TAXONOMY

Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Superdivision: Spermatophyta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Asteridae
Order: Gentianales
Family: Gentianaceae
Genus: Frasera
Species:

1) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. 2) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. ssp. nitida (Benth.) D.M. Post 3) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. var. albicaulis 4) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. var. columbiana (H. St. John) C.L. Hitchc. 5) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. var. cusickii (A. Gray) C.L. Hitchc. 6) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. var. idahoensis (H. St. John) C.L. Hitchc. 7) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. var. modocensis (H. St. John) N.H. Holmgren 8) Frasera albicaulis Douglas ex Griseb. var. nitida (Benth.) C.L. Hitchc. 9) Frasera albomarginata S. Watson 10) Frasera albomarginata S. Watson var. induta (Tidestr.) Card 11) Frasera albomarginata S. Watson var. purpusii Jeps. 12) Frasera angustifolia (Rydb.) Rydb. 13) Frasera caerulea Mulford 14) Frasera caroliniensis Walter 15) Frasera coerulea Mulford, orth. var. 16) Frasera coloradensis (C.M. Rogers) D.M. Post 17) Frasera fastigiata (Pursh) A. Heller 18) Frasera gypsicola (Barneby) D.M. Post 19) Frasera macrophylla Greene 20) Frasera montana Mulford 21) Frasera neglecta H.M. Hall 22) Frasera nitida Benth. 23) Frasera nitida Benth. var. albicaulis (Douglas ex Griseb.) Card 24) Frasera officinalis W. Bartram 25) Frasera pahutensis Reveal 26) Frasera paniculata Torr. 27) Frasera parryi Torr. 28) Frasera puberulenta Davidson 29) Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Griseb. 30) Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Griseb. var. angustifolia Rydb. 31) Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Griseb. var. stenosepala Rydb. 32) Frasera stenosepala (Rydb.) Rydb. 33) Frasera tubulosa Coville 34) Frasera umpquaensis M. Peck & Applegate 35) Frasera verticillata Raf. 36) Frasera walteri Michx.

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Gallery:

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Distribution in USA and Canada (*)
USA (AL, AR, GA, IL, IN, KY, MI, MO, MS, NC, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, VA), CAN (ON)


Map for Frasera caroliniensis Walter
(*) USDA, NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 August 2009). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA

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Kingdoms
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1) Fungi 2) Plantae

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Divisions
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1) Anthocerotophyta (Hornworts) 2) Bryophyta (Mosses) 3) Chlorophyta (Green algae) 4) Coniferophyta (Conifers) 5) Cycadophyta (Cycads) 6) Equisetophyta (Horsetails) 7) Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo) 8) Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes) 9) Hepaticophyta (Liverworts) 10) Lycopodiophyta (Lycopods) 11) Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) 12) Psilophyta (Whisk-ferns) 13) Pteridophyta (Ferns)

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Classes
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1) Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) 2) Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)

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Families
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1) Acanthaceae (Acanthus family) 2) Aceraceae (Maple family) 3) Achatocarpaceae (Achatocarpus family) 4) Actinidiaceae (Chinese Gooseberry family) 5) Adoxaceae (Moschatel family) 6) Aizoaceae (Fig-marigold family) 7) Amaranthaceae (Amaranth family) 8) Anacardiaceae (Sumac family) 9) Annonaceae (Custard-apple family) 10) Apiaceae (Carrot family) 11) Apocynaceae (Dogbane family) 12) Aquifoliaceae (Holly family) 13) Araliaceae (Ginseng family) 14) Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family) 15) Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family) 16) Asteraceae (Aster family) 17) Balanophoraceae (Balanophora family) 18) Balsaminaceae (Touch-me-not family) 19) Basellaceae (Basella family) 20) Bataceae (Saltwort family) 21) Begoniaceae (Begonia family) 22) Berberidaceae (Barberry family) 23) Betulaceae (Birch family) 24) Bignoniaceae (Trumpet-creeper family) 25) Bixaceae (Lipstick-tree family) 26) Bombacaceae (Kapok-tree family) 27) Boraginaceae (Borage family) 28) Brassicaceae (Mustard family) 29) Brunelliaceae (Brunellia family) 30) Buddlejaceae (Butterfly-bush family) 31) Burseraceae (Frankincense family) 32) Buxaceae (Boxwood family) 33) Cabombaceae (Water-shield family) 34) Cactaceae (Cactus family) 35) Calycanthaceae (Strawberry-shrub family) 36) Calyceraceae (Calycera family) 37) Campanulaceae (Bellflower family) 38) Canellaceae (Canella family) 39) Cannabaceae (Hemp family) 40) Capparaceae (Caper family) 41) Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family) 42) Caricaceae (Papaya family) 43) Caryocaraceae (Souari family) 44) Caryophyllaceae (Pink family) 45) Casuarinaceae (She-oak family) 46) Cecropiaceae (Cecropia family) 47) Celastraceae (Bittersweet family) 48) Ceratophyllaceae (Hornwort family) 49) Cercidiphyllaceae (Katsura-tree family) 50) Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot family) 51) Chloranthaceae (Chloranthus family) 52) Chrysobalanaceae 53) Cistaceae (Rock-rose family) 54) Cleomaceae (Spider flowers family) 55) Clethraceae (Clethra family) 56) Clusiaceae (Mangosteen family) 57) Combretaceae (Indian Almond family) 58) Connaraceae (Cannarus family) 59) Convolvulaceae (Morning-glory family) 60) Cornaceae (Dogwood family) 61) Corynocarpaceae (Karaka family) 62) Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family) 63) Crossosomataceae (Crossosoma family) 64) Cucurbitaceae (Cucumber family) 65) Cunoniaceae (Cunonia family) 66) Cuscutaceae (Dodder family) 67) Cyrillaceae (Cyrilla family) 68) Datiscaceae (Datisca family) 69) Diapensiaceae (Diapensia family) 70) Dilleniaceae (Dillenia family) 71) Dipsacaceae (Teasel family) 72) Dipterocarpaceae (Meranti family) 73) Droseraceae (Sundew family) 74) Ebenaceae (Ebony family) 75) Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster family) 76) Elaeocarpaceae (Elaeocarpus family) 77) Elatinaceae (Waterwort family) 78) Empetraceae (Crowberry family) 79) Epacridaceae (Epacris family) 80) Eremolepidaceae (Catkin-mistletoe family) 81) Ericaceae (Heath family) 82) Erythroxylaceae (Coca family) 83) Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family) 84) Fabaceae (Pea family) 85) Fagaceae (Beech family) 86) Flacourtiaceae (Flacourtia family) 87) Fouquieriaceae (Ocotillo family) 88) Frankeniaceae (Frankenia family) 89) Fumariaceae (Fumitory family) 90) Garryaceae (Silk Tassel family) 91) Gentianaceae (Gentian family) 92) Geraniaceae (Geranium family) 93) Gesneriaceae (Gesneriad family) 94) Goodeniaceae (Goodenia family) 95) Greyiaceae (Greyia family) 96) Grossulariaceae (Currant family) 97) Gunneraceae (Gunnera family) 98) Haloragaceae (Water Milfoil family) 99) Hamamelidaceae (Witch-hazel family) 100) Hernandiaceae (Hernandia family) 101) Hippocastanaceae (Horse-chestnut family) 102) Hippocrateaceae (Hippocratea family) 103) Hydrangeaceae (Hydrangea family) 104) Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf family) 105) Hypericaceae (St John's Wort family) 106) Icacinaceae (Icacina family) 107) Illiciaceae (Star-anise family) 108) Juglandaceae (Walnut family) 109) Krameriaceae (Krameria family) 110) Lamiaceae (Mint family) 111) Lardizabalaceae (Lardizabala family) 112) Lauraceae (Laurel family) 113) Lecythidaceae (Brazil-nut family) 114) Leitneriaceae (Corkwood family) 115) Lennoaceae (Lennoa family) 116) Lentibulariaceae (Bladderwort family) 117) Limnanthaceae (Meadow-Foam family) 118) Linaceae (Flax family) 119) Linderniaceae (False pimpernel family) 120) Loasaceae (Loasa family) 121) Loganiaceae (Logania family) 122) Loranthaceae (Showy Mistletoe family) 123) Lythraceae (Loosestrife family) 124) Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family) 125) Malpighiaceae (Barbados Cherry family) 126) Malvaceae (Mallow family) 127) Marcgraviaceae (Shingle Plant family) 128) Melastomataceae (Melastome family) 129) Meliaceae (Mahogany family) 130) Melianthaceae (Melianthus family) 131) Menispermaceae (Moonseed family) 132) Menyanthaceae (Buckbean family) 133) Molluginaceae (Carpet-weed family) 134) Monimiaceae (Monimia family) 135) Monotropaceae (Indian Pipe family) 136) Montiaceae (Miner's lettuce family) 137) Moraceae (Mulberry family) 138) Moringaceae (Horse-radish tree family) 139) Myoporaceae (Myoporum family) 140) Myricaceae (Bayberry family) 141) Myristicaceae (Nutmeg family) 142) Myrsinaceae (Myrsine family) 143) Myrtaceae (Myrtle family) 144) Nelumbonaceae (Lotus-lily family) 145) Nepenthaceae (East Indian Pitcher-plant f) 146) Nitrariaceae (Salt bush family) 147) Nyctaginaceae (Four o'clock family) 148) Nymphaeaceae (Water-lily family) 149) Ochnaceae (Ochna family) 150) Olacaceae 151) Oleaceae (Olive family) 152) Onagraceae (Evening Primrose family) 153) Orobanchaceae (Broom-rape family) 154) Oxalidaceae (Wood-Sorrel family) 155) Paeoniaceae (Peony family) 156) Papaveraceae (Poppy family) 157) Passifloraceae (Passion-flower family) 158) Paulowniaceae (Princesstree family) 159) Pedaliaceae (Sesame family) 160) Phrymaceae (Lopseed family) 161) Phyllanthaceae 162) Phytolaccaceae (Pokeweed family) 163) Piperaceae (Pepper family) 164) Pittosporaceae (Pittosporum family) 165) Plantaginaceae (Plantain family) 166) Platanaceae (Plane-tree family) 167) Plumbaginaceae (Leadwort family) 168) Podostemaceae (River-weed family) 169) Polemoniaceae (Phlox family) 170) Polygalaceae (Milkwort family) 171) Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family) 172) Portulacaceae (Purslane family) 173) Primulaceae (Primrose family) 174) Proteaceae (Protea family) 175) Pyrolaceae (Shinleaf family) 176) Rafflesiaceae (Rafflesia family) 177) Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family) 178) Resedaceae (Mignonette family) 179) Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn family) 180) Rhizophoraceae (Red Mangrove family) 181) Rosaceae (Rose family) 182) Rubiaceae (Madder family) 183) Rutaceae (Rue family) 184) Sabiaceae (Sabia family) 185) Salicaceae (Willow family) 186) Santalaceae (Sandalwood family) 187) Sapindaceae (Soapberry family) 188) Sapotaceae (Sapodilla family) 189) Sarraceniaceae (Pitcher-plant family) 190) Saururaceae 191) Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family) 192) Schisandraceae (Schisandra family) 193) Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family) 194) Simaroubaceae (Quassia family) 195) Simmondsiaceae (Jojoba family) 196) Solanaceae (Potato family) 197) Sonneratiaceae 198) Sphenocleaceae (Spenoclea family) 199) Stackhousiaceae (Stackhousia family) 200) Staphyleaceae (Bladdernut family) 201) Sterculiaceae 202) Styracaceae (Storax family) 203) Surianaceae (Suriana family) 204) Symplocaceae (Sweetleaf family) 205) Tamaricaceae (Tamarix family) 206) Theaceae (Tea family) 207) Theophrastaceae (Theophrasta family) 208) Thymelaeaceae (Mezereum family) 209) Tiliaceae (Linden family) 210) Tropaeolaceae (Nasturtium family) 211) Turneraceae (Turnera family) 212) Ulmaceae (Elm family) 213) Urticaceae (Nettle family) 214) Valerianaceae (Valerian family) 215) Verbenaceae (Verbena family) 216) Violaceae (Violet family) 217) Viscaceae (Christmas Mistletoe family) 218) Vitaceae (Grape family) 219) Winteraceae (Wintera family) 220) Zygophyllaceae (Creosote-bush family)

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Genera (Gentianaceae)
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1) Amarella (dwarf gentian) 2) Anthopogon (fringed gentian) 3) Arctogentia (dwarf gentian) 4) Bartonia (screwstem) 5) Calathiana (gentian) 6) Centaurella (screwstem) 7) Centaurium (centaury) 8) Chironia (rose gentian) 9) Chondrophylla (gentian) 10) Cicendia 11) Ciminalis (gentian) 12) Comastoma (dwarf gentian) 13) Dasystephana (gentian) 14) Enicostema (whitehead) 15) Erythraea (centaury) 16) Eustoma (prairie gentian) 17) Exacum (cicendia) 18) Frasera (green gentian) 19) Gentiana (gentian) 20) Gentianella (dwarf gentian) 21) Gentianodes (gentian) 22) Gentianopsis (fringed gentian) 23) Halenia (spurred gentian) 24) Lapithea (rose gentian) 25) Leiphaimos (ghostplant) 26) Leucocraspedum (green gentian) 27) Lisianthius 28) Lomatogonium 29) Microcala (cicendia) 30) Obolaria 31) Pleurogyne (lomatogonium) 32) Pneumonanthe (gentian) 33) Sabatia (rose gentian) 34) Sagina (screwstem) 35) Schultesia (wingcup) 36) Swertia (felwort) 37) Tesseranthium (green gentian) 38) Voyria (ghostplant)

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Common names (Frasera)
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1) American columbo (Frasera caroliniensis) 2) Clustered green gentian (Frasera fastigiata) 3) Coahuila frasera (Frasera parryi) 4) Colorado frasera (Frasera coloradensis) 5) Cusick's frasera (Frasera albicaulis var. cusickii) 6) Desert frasera (Frasera albomarginata) 7) Elkweed (Frasera speciosa) 8) Idaho frasera (Frasera albicaulis var. idahoensis) 9) Inyo frasera (Frasera puberulenta) 10) Kern frasera (Frasera tubulosa) 11) Modoc frasera (Frasera albicaulis var. modocensis) 12) Pine green gentian (Frasera neglecta) 13) Sunnyside frasera (Frasera gypsicola) 14) Tufted frasera (Frasera paniculata) 15) White frasera (Frasera montana) 16) Whitestem frasera (Frasera albicaulis)

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More species:
1) Frasera coerulea Mulford, orth. var. [141]
2) Frasera macrophylla Greene [47]
3) Frasera nitida Benth. var. albicaulis (Douglas ex Griseb.) Card [92]
4) Frasera pahutensis Reveal [91]
5) Frasera stenosepala (Rydb.) Rydb. [43]
6) Frasera walteri Michx. [129]
7) Fraxinus americana L. var. crassifolia Sarg. [149]
8) Fraxinus berlandieriana DC. [1088]
9) Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. [339]
10) Fraxinus jonesii Lingelsh. [217]

1-May-2024 - Week-18

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