Gen. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) / Flora of USA and Canada

Genus: ILEX - Family: AQUIFOLIACEAE

AQUIFOLIACEAE
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Ilex

Nemopanthus

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All genera

Scientific name	Google Search	*Distribution in USA and Canada ()**	Common names	Grown habit	Duration
Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. = Ilex beadlei Ashe = Ilex buswellii Small = Ilex caroliniana Trel. ex Small = Ilex montana Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray var. beadlei (Ashe) Fernald = Ilex montana Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray var. mollis (A. Gray) Britton		USA (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA) Map for Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. (*)	Carolina holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex amelanchier M.A. Curtis ex Chapm.		USA (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC) Map for Ilex amelanchier M.A. Curtis ex Chapm. (*)	sarvis holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex anomala Hook. & Arn.		USA (HI) Map for Ilex anomala Hook. & Arn. (*)	Hawai'i holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex aquifolium L.		USA (CA, HI, OR, WA), CAN (BC, ON) Map for Ilex aquifolium L. (*)	English holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex buergeri Miq.		- Map for Ilex buergeri Miq. (*)		-	-
Ilex cassine L.		USA (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX), USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex cassine L. (*)	dahoon	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex cassine L. var. cassine		USA (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC), USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex cassine L. var. cassine (*)	dahoon	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex cassine L. var. latifolia Aiton		USA (TX) Map for Ilex cassine L. var. latifolia Aiton (*)	dahoon	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex collina Alexander = Nemopanthus collinus (Alexander) R. Clark		USA (NC, VA, WV) Map for Ilex collina Alexander (*)	longstalk holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex cookii Britton & P. Wilson		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex cookii Britton & P. Wilson (*)	te	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm.		USA (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX, VA) Map for Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm. (*)	large gallberry	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton = Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton var. burfordii De France		USA (AL, NC) Map for Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton (*)	Chinese holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex crenata Thunb.		USA (DC, DE, LA, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA) Map for Ilex crenata Thunb. (*)	Japanese holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex crenata Thunb. var. paludosa (Nakai) H. Hara		- Map for Ilex crenata Thunb. var. paludosa (Nakai) H. Hara (*)		-	-
Ilex cuthbertii Small		USA (GA, SC) Map for Ilex cuthbertii Small (*)	Cuthbert's holly	Shrub, Tree	Perennial
Ilex decidua Walter = Ilex curtissii (Fernald) Small = Ilex decidua Walter var. curtissii Fernald		USA (AL, AR, DC, FL, GA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA) Map for Ilex decidua Walter (*)	possumhaw	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray		USA (AL, AR, CT, DE, FL, GA, LA, MA, MD, ME, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, SC, TX, VA), CAN (NS) Map for Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray (*)	inkberry	Shrub	Perennial
Ilex goshiensis Hayata		- Map for Ilex goshiensis Hayata (*)		-	-
Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze (*)	maconcona	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex hexandra Bello [excluded]		- Map for Ilex hexandra Bello [excluded] (*)		-	-
Ilex hypaneura Loes.		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex hypaneura Loes. (*)	Luquillo Mountain holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex krugiana Loes.		USA (FL), USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex krugiana Loes. (*)	tawnyberry holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray		USA (CT, DC, DE, GA, MA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, SC, VA) Map for Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray (*)	smooth winterberry	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex longipes Chapm. ex Trel. = Ilex decidua Walter var. longipes (Chapm. ex Trel.) H.E. Ahles = Ilex longipes Chapm. ex Trel. var. hirsuta Lundell		USA (AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, TX, VA) Map for Ilex longipes Chapm. ex Trel. (*)	Georgia holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder = Prinos macfadyenii Walp.		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder (*)	Caribbean holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex montana Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray = Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. var. montana (Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray) H.E. Ahles = Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. var. monticola (A. Gray) Wunderlin & Poppleton = Ilex amelanchier M.A. Curtis ex Chapm. var. monticola (A. Gray) Alph. Wood = Ilex monticola A. Gray		USA (AL, CT, GA, KY, MA, MD, NC, NJ, NY, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV) Map for Ilex montana Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray (*)	mountain holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex mucronata (L.) Powell, Savolainen & Andrews = Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loes. = Vaccinium mucronatum L.		USA (CT, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VT, WI, WV), CAN (NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC), FRA (SPM) Map for Ilex mucronata (L.) Powell, Savolainen & Andrews (*)	catberry	Shrub, Tree	Perennial
Ilex myrtifolia Walter = Ilex cassine L. var. myrtifolia (Walter) Sarg.		USA (AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TX) Map for Ilex myrtifolia Walter (*)	myrtle dahoon	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. = Prinos nitidus Vahl		USA+ (PR, VI) Map for Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim. (*)	Puerto Rico holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex opaca Aiton		USA (AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV) Map for Ilex opaca Aiton (*)	American holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex opaca Aiton var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe = Ilex arenicola Ashe = Ilex cumulicola Small = Ilex pygmaea McFarlin		USA (FL) Map for Ilex opaca Aiton var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe (*)	American holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex opaca Aiton var. opaca		USA (AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV) Map for Ilex opaca Aiton var. opaca (*)	American holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. = Ilex paraguayensis A. St.-Hil., orth. var.		USA (HI) Map for Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. (*)	mate	Shrub, Tree	Perennial
Ilex pedunculosa Miq.		- Map for Ilex pedunculosa Miq. (*)		-	-
Ilex rotunda Thunb.		USA (GA) Map for Ilex rotunda Thunb. (*)	Kurogane holly	Tree	Perennial
Ilex sandwicensis (Endl.) Loes.		- Map for Ilex sandwicensis (Endl.) Loes. (*)	holly	-	-
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb.		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. (*)	gongolin	Tree	Perennial
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes.		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. occidentalis Loes. (*)	gongolin	Tree	Perennial
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. sideroxyloides		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb. var. sideroxyloides (*)	gongolin	Tree	Perennial
Ilex sintenisii (Urb.) Britton		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex sintenisii (Urb.) Britton (*)	Sintenis' holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex sugerokii Maxim.		- Map for Ilex sugerokii Maxim. (*)		-	-
Ilex urbaniana Loes.		USA+ (PR, VI) Map for Ilex urbaniana Loes. (*)	Urban's holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex urbaniana Loes. var. riedlaei (Loes.) Edwin = Ilex riedlaei Loes.		USA+ (PR) Map for Ilex urbaniana Loes. var. riedlaei (Loes.) Edwin (*)	Urban's holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex urbaniana Loes. var. urbaniana		USA+ (PR, VI) Map for Ilex urbaniana Loes. var. urbaniana (*)	Urban's holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray = Ilex bronxensis Britton = Ilex fastigiata E.P. Bicknell = Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray var. cyclophylla B.L. Rob. = Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray var. fastigiata (E.P. Bicknell) Fernald = Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray var. padifolia (Willd.) Torr. & A. Gray ex S. Watson = Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray var. tenuifolia (Torr.) S. Watson		USA (AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV), CAN (NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC), FRA (SPM) Map for Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray (*)	common winterberry	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex volkensiana (Loes.) Kanehira & Hatusima		- Map for Ilex volkensiana (Loes.) Kanehira & Hatusima (*)	holly	-	-
Ilex vomitoria Aiton		USA (AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, OK, SC, TX, VA) Map for Ilex vomitoria Aiton (*)	yaupon	Tree, Shrub	Perennial
Ilex ×attenuata Ashe		USA (CA, FL, NC, SC) Map for Ilex ×attenuata Ashe (*)	topal holly	Tree, Shrub	Perennial

(*) USDA, NRCS. 2009. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 August 2009). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

PICTURES

Ilex aquifolium
Hippolyte Coste - Flore descriptive et illustrée de la France, de la Corse et des contrées limitrophes, 1901-1906 - This image is in public domain because its copyright has expired.
Ilex aquifolium
Walter Hood Fitch - Illustrations of the British Flora (1924) - Permission granted to use under GFDL by Kurt Stueber. Source: www.biolib.de - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this image under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
Ilex aquifolium
Jan Kops et al. - Flora Batava - Permission granted to use under GFDL by Kurt Stueber. Source: www.biolib.de - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this image under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

Ilex aquifolium
Credit: Photo by Leo Michels. Usage: Public Domain
Ilex aquifolium
Credit: Photo by Leo Michels. Usage: Public Domain
Ilex aquifolium
Credit: Photo by Franco Rossi

Ilex aquifolium
Otto Wilhelm Thomé: Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885) - Permission granted to use under GFDL by Kurt Stueber. Source: www.biolib.de Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this image under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
Ilex cassine
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 487.
Ilex coriacea
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 488.

Ilex decidua
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 488.
Ilex glabra
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 487.
Ilex laevigata
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 489.

Ilex montana
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 488.
Ilex mucronata
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 490.
Ilex opaca
Robert H. Mohlenbrock USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA NRCS. 1995. Northeast wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. Northeast National Technical Center, Chester. - Not copyrighted image

Ilex opaca
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 486.
Ilex verticillata
Robert H. Mohlenbrock USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA SCS. 1989. Midwest wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln. - Not copyrighted image
Ilex verticillata
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 489.

Ilex verticillata
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 489.
Ilex vomitoria
USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2: 487.

L.R. 2009